• Medical School-University of Toronto, graduated with honours, June 1970
• Interneship-Vancouver General Hospital, straight interneship in internal medicine, June 1970-June 1971
• Senior House Surgeon-Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, June 1971-October 1971
• Resident 2-Internal Medicine, Montreal General Hospital, July 1972-July 1973
• Resident 2-Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Université Laval, Quebec City, July 1977-July 1978
• Core 2 Resident-Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children,Toronto, July 1978-July 1979
• Postcore Resident-Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, July 1979-July
• 1980 Emergency Pediatrics Fellow, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, July 1980-July 1981